Create Your Personalised Information Digest Utilizing AI Brokers

Introduction

The capabilities of giant language fashions (LLMs) are advancing quickly. They permit us to construct a wide range of LLM functions. These vary from job automation to workflow optimization. One thrilling software is utilizing LLMs to create an clever information digest or e-newsletter agent. This agent can pull in related content material, summarize it, and ship it in a personalized format. It may work together dynamically with exterior instruments and knowledge sources to fetch related data. On this article, allow us to discover ways to construct a information digest agent for a personalised day by day information digest with LangGraph and exterior instruments like Information API.

Overview

• Perceive the structure of LangGraph and its key parts (State, Nodes, and Edges) to construct customizable workflow brokers.
• Discover ways to combine exterior APIs like NewsAPI to fetch real-time knowledge for dynamic content material era in newsletters.
• Develop the talents to make use of LLMs for content material analysis by implementing a scoring system that ranks information articles primarily based on high quality standards.
• Achieve sensible information of automating e mail supply with curated content material utilizing Python’s email-sending libraries.

Temporary About LangGraph

LangGraph is constructed on prime of LangChain. LangGraph is a framework designed for constructing dynamic workflows that combine LLMs with customized logic and instruments. This permits for extremely personalized and complicated workflows that mix a number of instruments and APIs.

LangGraph consists of three core parts:

1. State: The State comprises the information that’s shared all through the appliance. It may be any Python knowledge construction that may maintain the information. We are able to outline it utilizing a State object with totally different parameters. Alternatively, we are able to additionally use pre-built MessagesState which may include solely an inventory of messages.
2. Nodes: Nodes are capabilities that may learn and modify the State. These capabilities take the State as the primary argument to learn or write to the State. We even have a START node to indicate which node will take the person enter and be known as first and an END node to indicate the top of the graph.
3. Edges: Edges outline the movement of knowledge via totally different nodes. We even have conditional edges which use a perform to find out which node to go to subsequent. The benefit of LangGraph is that we are able to customise the agent in some ways. So, there will be a couple of strategy to construct this agent.

As proven within the picture, edges join nodes, and nodes learn or write the information within the State.

Additionally Learn: Optimize Your Organisation’s Electronic mail Advertising with GenAI Brokers

Stipulations

Earlier than we begin constructing the LLM agent, let’s be certain that we’ve got the required keys and passwords.

Accessing an LLM by way of API

Start by producing an API key for the LLM you might be utilizing. Create a textual content file with the title ‘.env’. Retailer this key securely in a .env file to maintain it personal and simply accessible inside your venture.

Right here’s an instance of how a .env file appears like

Fetching Information Information

To collect information content material, we are going to use https://newsapi.org/. Join an API key and retailer it in the identical .env file for safe entry.

Sending the Electronic mail

To ship e mail utilizing Python, we are able to allow ‘much less safe apps’ and retailer the Gmail password within the .env file. If that possibility is just not obtainable, we are able to achieve entry to Gmail by following the steps talked about right here.

Libraries Required

We now have used the next variations for the most important libraries:

• langchain – 0.2.14
• langgraph – 0.2.14
• langchain-openai – 0.1.14
• newsapi-python – 0.2.7

Outline the Utility Move

The purpose is to question the agent utilizing pure language to assemble information on a selected matter and get the e-newsletter by way of e mail. To implement this movement, we are going to first outline three instruments to deal with every key job after which construct the agent to name the LLM and instruments.

The three instruments are as follows:

1. Fetching the Information: The Information API retrieves related information articles primarily based on the parsed question.
2. Scoring the Information: The fetched articles are handed to a different LLM, which evaluates and scores them for high quality. The output is an inventory of articles sorted by their high quality rating.
3. Delivering the Information: The highest-scoring articles are formatted right into a well-readable e mail and despatched to the person.

Now we are able to begin defining the capabilities.

Get Information

Import the mandatory libraries and cargo the .env file

import os 
import json
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from IPython.show import Picture, show
from typing import Listing, Literal, Elective, TypedDict, Annotated
from langchain_core.instruments import software
from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI

from dotenv import load_dotenv

load_dotenv('/.env')

# various to the .env file we are able to additionally use the .txt file as follows
with open('mykey.txt', 'r') as file:
    openai_key = file.learn()
    
os.environ['OPENAI_API_KEY'] = openai_key

Provoke the news_api from NewsApiClient and API key

from newsapi import NewsApiClient

NEWS_API_KEY = os.environ['NEWS_API_KEY']

news_api = NewsApiClient(api_key=NEWS_API_KEY)

Now let’s outline the LangChain software utilizing the ‘software’ decorator from LangChain

@software
def get_news(question: str, past_days: int, domains: str):
    """
    Get information on the given parameters like question, past_days, and so on.
    Args:
        question: search information about this matter
        past_days: For what number of days prior to now ought to we search?
        domains: search information in these sources
    """
    at the moment = datetime.at the moment()
    from_date = at the moment - timedelta(days=past_days)
    news_details = news_api.get_everything(q=question, from_param=from_date, domains=domains,
                                           sort_by='relevancy')
    return news_details

The agent also can kind the articles primarily based on relevancy. Right here’s an instance of how the output of this perform appears like:

‘@software’ decorator is used to outline langchain software. Then we are able to bind this software to the LLM. Within the above perform, the doc string can be essential. That’s what will get handed to the LLM as a immediate to have these arguments within the output of the tool-calling LLM.

# initialize the LLM
gpt = ChatOpenAI(mannequin="gpt-4o-mini", temperature=0)

# we are able to bind the software to the LLM in order that the LLM can return the software primarily based on the question.
gpt_with_tools = gpt.bind_tools([get_news])

Rating Information

The score_news perform processes information articles by scoring them primarily based on predefined standards. Then the perform returns a sorted listing of the highest-quality articles.

Import the required strategies

from langchain_core.pydantic_v1 import BaseModel, Discipline
from langchain_core.prompts import ChatPromptTemplate, PromptTemplate
from langchain_core.messages import HumanMessage

Allow us to outline the perform

def score_news(news_details: dict):
    """
    Calculate rating for news_articles and kind them by the rating.
        news_details: all of the information articles    
    
    """
    # entry the final message of the state for the articles.
    # passing all of the articles to the LLM will enhance the price. 
    # we are able to select to attain just some articles.
    json_articles = json.hundreds(news_details['messages'][-1].content material)['articles']
    if len(json_articles) > 15:
        articles = json_articles[:15]
    else:
        articles = json_articles
    
    # system immediate to information the LLM to attain the articles.
    system_prompt = """
    You're a information high quality evaluator.
    I'll give you a information article, with a title, description, and truncated content material and different particulars. 
    Analyze and rating the information article primarily based on the next standards:

    Readability: How effectively the article conveys the message in a concise and comprehensible method.
        Scale: 1 (unclear) to 25 (very clear)

    Credibility: Primarily based on the outline and different particulars offered, how seemingly is the article to be credible and factually correct?
        Scale: 1 (not credible) to 25 (extremely credible)

    Engagement potential: How seemingly the article is to seize the reader's consideration or provoke additional thought.
        Scale: 1 (not partaking) to 25 (very partaking)

    Impression: How vital or influential the article is by way of its potential societal, technological, or political penalties.
        Scale: 1 (minimal impression) to 25 (excessive impression)

    Present the whole rating out of 100 for the information article, including the scores for every of the above standards.

    You can be evaluating so much information articles. So, rating them such that we are able to kind all of them later.

    """
    prompt_template = ChatPromptTemplate.from_messages([("system", system_prompt), ("human", "{news}")])

    
    # outline pydantic class to get the output in a structured format.
   
    class Information(BaseModel):
        """Information scoring system"""
    
        total_score: int = Discipline(description='whole rating for the information article')
        
        supply: str = Discipline(description="The supply of the information")
        writer: Elective[str] = Discipline(default=None, description="The writer to the information")
        
        title: str = Discipline(description="The title of the information")
        description: str = Discipline(description="The outline to the information")
        
        url: str = Discipline(description="The url of the information")
        urlToImage: Elective[str] = Discipline(default=None, description="The picture url of the information")

    # GPT 4o performs higher at scoring however extra pricey.
    gpt_4o = ChatOpenAI(mannequin="gpt-4o", temperature=0)
    structured_gpt = gpt_4o.with_structured_output(Information)
    chain = prompt_template | structured_gpt
    
    # ship every article to the LLM to get the rating with the opposite particulars.
    outcomes = [chain.invoke({'news': article}).dict() for article in articles]

    # kind the articles by whole rating.
    df = pd.DataFrame(outcomes).sort_values(by='total_score', ascending=False)
    
    return {"messages": [HumanMessage(content=df.to_dict(orient="records"))]}

The perform takes the state because the enter with the title as news_details. For the reason that state has all of the messages, we are able to entry the final message for the articles. We are able to select to attain just some articles from the highest to avoid wasting the prices. We are able to attempt totally different system prompts to get the most effective scoring system.

It’s simpler to course of the information if the output is in an outlined format. So, we are able to use LLM with structured output, the place the construction is outlined utilizing the Pydantic class.

Then we are able to rating every article and retailer them in a dataframe. As soon as we kind the articles utilizing the whole rating and add them as a message to the state.

Rationalization

1. Enter

The perform receives the state object as enter, which comprises all messages. The newest message from this state holds the information articles. To reduce prices, as a substitute of scoring all articles, we are able to restrict the variety of articles.

2. Scoring Course of

We offer an in depth system immediate to the LLM, instructing it to attain every article primarily based on the factors given within the system immediate.

The LLM evaluates every article primarily based on the factors outlined within the system immediate and assigns a complete rating out of 100, including scores of every criterion.

3. Structured Output

To make sure the output is structured and straightforward to course of, we outline a Pydantic mannequin (Information). This mannequin contains fields like `total_score`, `title`, `description`, and `url`. By utilizing this structured format, the LLM can return constant, well-organized outcomes.

4. LLM Integration

We use GPT-4o, recognized for its accuracy in structured duties, to attain the articles. It’s discovered that GPT-4o is healthier than GPT-4o-mini in score the articles. Every article is handed via the LLM, and the outcomes are transformed right into a dictionary format utilizing Pydantic.

5. Sorting and Output

After scoring all of the articles, we retailer them in a Pandas DataFrame, kind them by their `total_score` in descending order.  Then we are able to return the sorted listing as a message to the State, prepared for use within the subsequent a part of the workflow.

Ship Electronic mail

The send_email perform takes an inventory of sorted information articles, generates an HTML e mail, and sends it to the recipient.

Import the libraries

import smtplib, ssl
import base64
import e mail

outline the send_email perform

def send_email(sorted_news):
 
    # get the sorted information from the final message of the state.
    articles = sorted_news['messages'][-1].content material
    
    # If the news_article has picture, we are able to show it within the e mail.
    news_items_html = ""
    for article in articles[:10]:
        if article['urlToImage'] is just not None:
            news_items_html += f"""
            <div class="news-item">
                <img src="{article['urlToImage']}" alt="{article['title']}">
                <div>
                    <h3><a href="{article['url']}">{article['title']}</a></h3>
                    <p>{article['description']}</p>
                </div>
            </div>
            """
        else:
            news_items_html += f"""
            <div class="news-item">
                <div>
                    <h3><a href="{article['url']}">{article['title']}</a></h3>
                    <p>{article['description']}</p>
                </div>
            </div>
            """
            
    # CSS for styling the HTML message. we add the above 'news_items_html' right here.
    html = f"""
        <html>
        <head>
            <model>
                physique {{
                    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
                    background-color: #c4c4c4;
                    margin: 0;
                    padding: 0;
                }}
                .container {{
                    width: 80%;
                    max-width: 600px;
                    margin: 0 auto;
                    background-color: #ffffff;
                    padding: 20px;
                    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
                }}
                h1 {{
                    text-align: heart;
                    colour: #333;
                }}
                .news-item {{
                    show: flex;
                    align-items: heart;
                    justify-content: space-between;
                    border-bottom: 1px strong #eeeeee;
                    padding: 15px 0;
                }}
                .news-item h3 {{
                    margin: 0;
                    font-size: 16px;
                    colour: #007BFF;
                    margin-left: 5px;
                }}
                .news-item p {{
                    font-size: 14px;
                    colour: #666666;
                    margin: 5px 0;
                    margin-left: 5px;
                }}
                .news-item a {{
                    colour: #007BFF;
                    text-decoration: none;
                }}
                .news-item img {{
                    width: 100px;
                    peak: 100px;
                    object-fit: cowl;
                    border-radius: 8px;
                }}
                .footer {{
                    margin-top: 20px;
                    text-align: heart;
                    font-size: 12px;
                    colour: #999999;
                }}
            </model>
        </head>
        <physique>
            <div class="container">
                <h1>Curated Information</h1>
                {news_items_html}
                <div class="footer">
                    <p>That is your customized e-newsletter.</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </physique>
        </html>
    """
    
    port = 465  # For SSL

    sender_email = "[email protected]"
    password = os.environ['GMAIL_PASSWORD']
    
    context = ssl.create_default_context()
 
    # add the content material for the e-mail
    mail = e mail.message.EmailMessage()
    mail['To'] = "[email protected]"
    mail['From'] = "[email protected]"
    mail['Subject'] = "Information Digest"
    mail.set_content(html, subtype="html")

    
    with smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.gmail.com", port, context=context) as server:
        server.login(sender_email, password)
        server.send_message(mail)

Rationalization

1. Extracting Sorted Information

The perform begins by accessing the sorted information articles from the final message within the State. We restrict the variety of articles displayed within the e mail to the highest 10.

2. Producing HTML Content material

The perform dynamically constructs the HTML for every information article. If an article contains a picture (`urlToImage`), the picture is embedded within the e mail subsequent to the article’s title, hyperlink, and outline. In any other case, solely the title and outline are displayed. This HTML block (`news_items_html`) is generated utilizing a loop that processes every article.

3. HTML and CSS Styling

The HTML e mail is styled utilizing embedded CSS to make sure a visually interesting format. The types cowl:

• Container: The primary e mail content material is wrapped in a centered container with a white background and delicate shadow.
• Information Objects: Every information article is displayed with its title (as a clickable hyperlink), description, and optionally a picture. The format makes use of flexbox to align the picture and textual content facet by facet, with a border separating every information merchandise.

4. Composing the Electronic mail

The e-mail is ready up utilizing Python’s `e mail.message.EmailMessage` class. The HTML content material, topic line (“Information Digest”), sender, and recipient are specified. The HTML is included as the principle content material utilizing `mail.set_content(html, subtype=’html’)`.

5. Sending the Electronic mail

The perform makes use of Gmail’s SMTP server to ship the e-mail securely by way of SSL (port 465). The sender’s Gmail credentials are fetched from the setting variable `GMAIL_PASSWORD` to keep away from hardcoding delicate data. After logging into the SMTP server, the e-mail is shipped to the recipient.

Constructing the Agent

Allow us to construct the agent primarily based on the instruments and capabilities outlined above.

Step 1. Defining capabilities to name the fashions and instruments.

from langgraph.prebuilt import ToolNode
from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, MessagesState, START, END

# perform to name the mannequin which return the software primarily based on the question.
def call_model(state: MessagesState):
    messages = state["messages"]
    response = gpt_with_tools.invoke(messages)
    return {"messages": [response]}
    
# if the final message from the above LLM is tool_calls then we return "instruments"
def call_tools(state: MessagesState) -> Literal["tools", END]:
    messages = state["messages"]
    last_message = messages[-1]
    if last_message.tool_calls:
        return "instruments"
    return END

Step 2. Constructing the workflow graph. Now we are able to use all of the outlined capabilities to construct the agent.

#create a software node with perform in order that we are able to use this within the graph. 
get_news_tool = ToolNode([get_news])


workflow = StateGraph(MessagesState)

# We begin the agent from the call_model perform.
workflow.add_node("LLM", call_model)
workflow.add_edge(START, "LLM")

# Add the get_news_tool, which known as from the above LLM primarily based on the question.
workflow.add_node("instruments", get_news_tool)
workflow.add_conditional_edges("LLM", call_tools)

# then we hook up with the score_news perform from get_news perform
workflow.add_node("rating", score_news)
workflow.add_edge("instruments", "rating")

# then we hook up with the send_email perform from score_news perform
workflow.add_node("mail", send_email)
workflow.add_edge("rating", "mail")

# we are able to finish with the agent after sending the mail
workflow.add_edge("mail", END)

Step 3. Compiling the graph.

agent = workflow.compile()
show(Picture(agent.get_graph().draw_mermaid_png()))

Now we are able to name the agent with a question.

let’s use a question that has fewer information to print the outputs at every step of the agent.

question = "what is the information on Inidan cricket workforce prior to now month from cricinfo?"

# this question will go the START node.
inputs = {"messages": [("user", query)]}

async for chunk in agent.astream(inputs, stream_mode="values"):
    chunk["messages"][-1].pretty_print()

The output might be within the format proven under. If no articles are returned, we are able to change the question.

As we are able to see, we begin with the question. The LLM will then name the software ‘get_news’. Then, the software returns all of the articles. The ‘score_news’ perform will then course of them and output an inventory of articles with scores. Then ‘send_email’ perform sends the e-mail, although there isn’t any output within the state.

On this manner, we are able to question the agent about any matter and get an e mail with curated information.

Conclusion

Constructing a e-newsletter agent utilizing LangGraph and LLMs gives a strong strategy to automate information curation and supply. By combining real-time knowledge, clever scoring, and customized e mail supply, this method streamlines the creation of personalized newsletters, enhancing reader engagement and content material relevance effortlessly.

Ceaselessly Requested Questions